Canada acknowledges aboriginal title over Haida Gwaii via new agreement

Canada has formally recognized aboriginal title over Haida Gwaii via the signing of the Haida Title Lands Agreement.

The agreement was signed by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Haida Nation President Gaagwiis Jason Alsop, and Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Minister Gary Anandasangaree.

The process is estimated to take around five years. During that "transition period," Canada and the Haida Nation will "continue to work respectfully and co-operatively" while implementing the changes.

In a statement, the government emphasized that the agreement only applies to areas from the foreshore to the low-water mark, meaning it "does not affect private property interests or local and municipal governments on Haida Gwaii, and it confirms the continued delivery of federal public services."

"The recognition of Haida title to Haida Gwaii by Canada acknowledges historic injustices and illustrates the transformative possibilities of working together for what is right," Alsop said. "It takes leadership to recognize a wrong, begin the process of healing from a troubled history, and trust in the ability to forge a new relationship based on respect."

He added that the recognition of title by Canada "means that we can begin a new era of peaceful co-existence knowing that we can look after Haida Gwaii and ensure the well-being of all who call these shining islands home."

"I congratulate the Haida Nation for their leadership on this landmark agreement," Trudeau said. "As we mark a new chapter in the history of our nation-to-nation relationship, let us also recommit to walking the path of reconciliation. Because by working together, we're showing that meaningful progress is possible."

The move is the latest in a series of actions taken by the federal and provincial governments. In 2010, what were then known as the Queen Charlotte Islands had their name formally restored to Haida Gwaii, and in 2024, BC Premier David Eby signed an agreement affirming Haida title to the land.